With 3,771 deaths, 2015 was the deadliest year on record for migrants and refugees crossing the Mediterranean trying to reach Europe, reports IOM in a year-end summary. By comparison 3,279 deaths were recorded in the Mediterranean in 2014.

The deadliest month in 2015 was April when nearly 1,250 migrants died, mainly due to the worst tragedy on record involving migrants crossing the Mediterranean from North Africa, in which an estimated 800 migrants died when their overcrowded vessel capsized off the coast of Libya. Only 28 survivors were rescued and brought to Italy.

Seventy-seven per cent of the deaths occurred in the Central Mediterranean route mostly used by smugglers operating from Libyan shores. This compares to 97 per cent of migrant deaths recorded along this route in 2014.

In 2015, 21 per cent of deaths occurred in the Eastern Mediterranean compared to only 1 per cent in 2014. In the Central Mediterranean, deaths recorded were down by 9 per cent from last year with the rate of death at 18.5 deaths per every 1,000 travellers.

Globally, the majority of the estimated 5,350 deaths were recorded in the Mediterranean, the most deadly region, followed by Southeast Asia (mostly in the Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea, Malaysia and Thailand) which saw at least 800 deaths this year. Within Mexico and along the US-Mexico border there have been at least 330 deaths recorded this year.

“It is shocking and inexcusable that desperate migrants and refugees have lost their lives in record numbers this year, when they should not. The international community must act now to stop this trend against desperate migrants.” Said IOM Director General William Lacy Swing, reacting to the 2015 figures.

“Migration has been the major theme of 2015, with record numbers of refugees and migrants arriving in Europe, fleeing from conflict and acute poverty. Throughout the year, we have been reminded that much of human mobility is not voluntary and tragically we have seen so many who felt they had no option but to leave their beloved homelands and were lost at sea, in the deserts or trapped in the back of lorries they had hoped would carry them to a safer and better life,” said Ambassador Swing.

"One of the major challenges for the coming years would be for the international community to work diligently towards changing from the current toxic migration narrative to one that is more historically accurate, namely, that migration has been overwhelmingly positive. We can do this through measures that will help governments and societies to manage diversity. This will require addressing several paradoxes of national sovereignty of states and individual aspiration of migrants; and protecting national security on the one hand and human security on the other," Ambassador Swing said.

IOM Greece reported that 106,776 migrants crossed into the Greek islands during the month of December, an average of over 3,400 per day. Total migrant inflows through the blue borders of Greece approached 850,000 arrivals for the year.

The New Year began with the death of a two-year-old child as the Hellenic Coast Guard rescued 39 migrants from a boat which capsized off Agathonisi Island.

IOM estimates just over 5,000 migrants and refugees crossed into Greece during the first three days of 2016; 41 per cent were from Syria, 37 per cent from Afghanistan, 12 per cent from Iraq, 6 per cent from Iran, 2 per cent from Palestine and 2 per cent other nationalities.

IOM Turkey reported statistics from the Turkish Coast Guard Command that tally 279 migrants or refugees perishing in Turkish waters in 2015, 71 of them in December alone. IOM Turkey said 18 migrants or refugees lost their lives in the week of 14-20 December 18; during the following week (21-27 December) another 44 migrants lost their lives.

IOM teams in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia report over 7,500 migrants or refugees have crossed into that country since the start of the year, most from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan.

Photo by: BULENT KILIC/AFP/Getty Images